The Difference Between Raster and Vector Images

Mike Arnebeck

Designer

There are two main types of images that are commonly used when it comes to digital graphics: vector and raster. Both have their own unique properties and uses, but understanding the differences between them is crucial in creating high-quality designs. Let’s look at the features and purposes of vector and raster graphics to help understand which one is the right choice for a given project.

Vector

Vector graphics are images that are created using mathematical equations and geometric shapes such as lines, curves and points. These images are resolution-independent, which means they can be scaled to any size without losing quality. Vector graphics have a smaller file size compared to raster graphics because they are stored as a series of mathematical equations, making them easier to save and transmit. They are created using software such as Adobe Illustrator or CorelDRAW and are best for creating precise and scalable designs such as logos, icons, illustrations and other designs that require crisp lines and shapes. In terms of quality, vector graphics have the upper hand as they are resolution-independent; they can be scaled to any size without losing quality.

Raster

Raster graphics are made up of a grid of pixels, each with its own color value. These images are resolution-dependent, meaning that they have a fixed number of pixels and cannot be resized without losing quality. Larger size and quality raster graphics require more pixels, resulting in larger file sizes compared to vector graphics. Raster graphics are more suitable for photographs and images with complex color variations as they can display a wider range of colors and details. They are created using programs like Adobe Photoshop and are best for editing and manipulating photographs or creating digital art and illustrations that require a more organic and textured look. Because they are made up of a finite number of pixels, raster graphics can become pixelated and lose quality when enlarged as the pixels become more noticeable, resulting in a blurry or jagged image. 
In conclusion, both vector and raster graphics have their own advantages and purposes. Vector graphics are best for creating precise and scalable designs, while raster graphics are more suitable for complex images and photographs. When choosing between the two, it’s essential to consider the purpose and requirements of your project. Understanding the differences between vector and raster graphics will not only help you create high-quality designs but also save you time and effort in the long run.